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The Essential Enneagram: The Definitive Personality Test and Self-Discovery Guide -- Revised & Updated Paperback – May 26, 2009

4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 1,573 ratings

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The First and Only Scientifically Determined Enneagram Personality Test and Guide

A centuries-old psychological system with roots in sacred tradition, the Enneagram can be an invaluable guide in your journey toward self-understanding and self-development. In this book, Stanford University Medical School clinical professor of psychiatry David Daniels and counseling psychologist Virginia Price offer the only scientifically developed Enneagram test based upon extensive research combined with a self-discovery and personal-development guide.

The most fundamental guide to the Enneagram ever offered, this book features effective self-tests to determine simply and accurately what your personality type is. Daniels and Price provide step-by-step instructions for taking inventory of how you think, what you feel, and what you experience. They then guide you in your discovery of what your type means for your personal well-being and your relationships with others, and they show you how to maximize your inherent strengths. Brimming with empowering information for each of the nine personality types—Perfectionist, Giver, Performer, Romantic, Observer, Loyal Skeptic, Epicure, Protector, and Mediator—this one-of-a-kind book equips you with all the tools you need to dramatically enhance your quality of life.

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Editorial Reviews

About the Author

David N. Daniels, M.D. (August 30, 1934 to May 29, 2017) was a world-renowned Enneagram author, teacher, and thought leader, co-founder of The Narrative Enneagram and the International Enneagram Association, and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Stanford University School of Medicine. As one of the founding fathers of today’s Enneagram, David N. Daniels, M.D. brought credence, rigor, and scientific validity to the Enneagram. In 1994, he led efforts to host and sponsor the first International Enneagram Association conference at Stanford University. In 2000, he released a Stanford University based scientifically validated Enneagram test, which still remains the only scientifically validated test today. David N. Daniels is the lead-author of the Enneagram bestseller, The Essential Enneagram (Harper Collins) updated and revised with vital new material in 2009, lead-author of The Enneagram, Relationships and Intimacy published in 2018 with co-author Suzanne Dion, and co-author with Daniel J. Siegel, M.D. of the upcoming book, Nine Paths to Wholeness to be released in 2021 by Norton. He also co-developed the outstanding DVD, The Enneagram: Nine Paths to a Productive and Fulfilling Life and The Enneagram in the Workplace. In private practice for over 40 years, David also taught the Enneagram system at Stanford University, in the community, and internationally on every continent for 30 years. David brought his knowledge of the Enneagram to individuals, couples and groups, and to a wide range of applications in clinical practice and the workplace. He has developed many innovative workshops, including The Dynamics of Vital Relationships, Anger and Forgiveness, Loss and Grief as Transformers, the Enneagram’s Gift to Love and Life, Intimate Relationships, Love and Will, and The Enneagram’s Gift to Mastering Conflict Constructively and Compassionately. His work is being carried on at www.drdaviddaniels.com.



Virginia Price, Ph.D., (1942-2005) was a psychologist with a private practice in Palo Alto. She wrote Type A Behavior Pattern, a book widely regarded as a landmark in its field.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ HarperOne; Revised, Updated ed. edition (May 26, 2009)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 128 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0061713163
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0061713163
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.31 x 0.29 x 8 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 1,573 ratings

About the author

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David Daniels
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David N. Daniels, M.D. (August 30, 1934 – May 26, 2017) was a world-renowned Enneagram and self-help teacher, personal development teacher, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine, a leading developer of the Enneagram system of nine personality types, and is the lead author of the Enneagram bestseller, "The Essential Enneagram" which includes the only scientifically validated Enneagram personality test (Harper Collins), which was updated and revised with vital new material in 2009.

In the last seven years of his life, David devoted much of his time and heartfelt passion to writing an Enneagram relationship book with co-author Suzanne Dion called, “The Enneagram, Relationships and Intimacy: Understanding One Another Leads to Loving Better and Living More Fully.” This book brings together the power of the Enneagram, "Relationship Mindfulness," and a deep understanding of the nine Enneagram personality types to transform relationships from conflictual and struggling to harmonious and thriving.

It was David’s great hope that his book about the Enneagram, when applied to self-help and development, relationships and intimacy, would share an insightful body of wisdom that would in turn help us all to heal the world. David also co-developed the outstanding DVD, "The Enneagram: Nine Paths to a Productive and Fulfilling Life" and "The Enneagram in the Workplace” (both only available on The Narrative Enneagram website at www.enneagramworldwide.com).

In private practice for over 40 years, David also taught the nine Enneagram types and system at Stanford University, in the community, and internationally for 33 years. Together with author and teacher, Helen Palmer, he co-founded the Enneagram Studies in the Narrative Tradition (ESNT) now called The Narrative Enneagram (TNE), The Enneagram Professional Training Program (EPTP), and was one of the original founders of the International Enneagram Association (IEA). David was a big believer in the personal liberation found in self-assessment and self-help practices and developed many simple personal development methods and practices to use daily. He is well known for a self-awareness tool he termed, "The Universal Growth Process" of the 5As: Awareness, Acceptance, Appreciation, Action and Adherence. This tool is a moment-to-moment practice of opening receptively to ourselves and then to others. David also developed a daily 10-minute mindfulness breathing exercise as a simple form of meditation.

David brought his knowledge of the nine Enneagram types to individuals, couples and groups, and to a wide range of applications in clinical practice, the workplace, and to those incarcerated. He has developed many innovative workshops, including The Dynamics of Vital Relationships, Anger and Forgiveness, Loss and Grief as Transformers, the Enneagram's Gift to Love and Life, Intimate Relationships, Love and Will, and The Enneagram's Gift to Mastering Conflict Constructively and Compassionately. He always believed that understanding our differentiating personality types was the key to instilling far more compassion for one another and in the end, healing world conflict. If we come to truly understand ourselves and others, acceptance and love would follow and world peace would eventually prevail.

David's work is archived and carried forth at www.drdaviddaniels.com

Customer reviews

4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5 out of 5
1,573 global ratings
Amazing read!!!!
5 Stars
Amazing read!!!!
One of the best book purchases I have ever made on Amazon. It gives precise instructions on how to properly discover your enneagram type. I discovered mine in less than 2 hours. It also gives practices based on each type that immensely helps in spirituality. I love it so much that I would get this for a friend.
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on March 12, 2014
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Reviewed by C J Singh (Berkeley, CA)
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Positive-Psychology Paths to Happiness: The Enneagram Way

Initially known as "The Stanford Enneagram Discovery Inventory and Guide," THE ESSENTIAL ENNEAGRAM, first edition, was published in 2000, the second in 2009. The jacket blurb claims it as "The First and Only Scientifically Determined Enneagram Personality Test and Guide." Appendix B summarizes the "Validity of the Essential Enneagram Test." I hastened to read it.

On page 116: "The overall Kappa for the entire test was 0.5254, p<0.0001, considered a significant degree of concordance." Yes. Rereading sections of the two textbooks of my Stanford graduate course "Research Methods in Psychology," I found the statistical analysis convincing.

THE ESSENTIAL ENNEAGRAM comes with an optional 2-hour DVD that features the author, David Daniels MD, Stanford Psychiatrist, and Courtney Behm, Harvard MBA, management consultant. More. The DVD presents nine narrators that personify one of the nine personality types. Watching it made studying the book even more engaging.

The Enneagram is a nine-pointed diagram that indicates nine types of personalities, each numbered 1 to 9. Only nine? Hang on, with the subtypes included there are many more. Your personality Type emerges from your genetic heritage and your early childhood coping responses. Each Type has its strengths and weaknesses. The Enneagram shows you the behavior changes you need to make to overcome the weaknesses of your type.

You discover your Type by taking the Essential Enneagram Test (pages 5-7). The Test comprises reading nine brief paragraphs and choosing the three that come closest to describing you. [I'm Type Four. Strengths of this type are: "Sensitivity, A creative orientation. Being attuned to feelings. A capacity to empathize with suffering. Intensity. Passion. Romantic idealism. Emotional depth. Authenticity. Introspection" (page 34). Limitations of this type are: "People and experiences not living up to my romantic ideals or desire for intensity. Wanting more than is available. Envying what others have that I do not have or what they are that I am not. Unmanageable feelings, especially in emotional crises" (page 35). Yes, the enneagram test is accurate.]

Type One: The Perfectionist
Type Two: The Giver
Type Three: The Performer
Type Four: The Romantic
Type Five: The Observer
Type Six: The Loyal Skeptic
Type Seven: The Epicure
Type Eight: The Protector
Type Nine: The Mediator

Of the nine, Types 3, 6, 9 represent different kinds of intelligence. Type 3 personality and its neighbors 2, 4 represent an intelligence of the Heart; they focus energy on feelings and emotions. Type 6 and its neighbors 5, 7 represent an intelligence of the Mind; they focus energy on thinking and imagination; Type 9 and its neighbors 8, 1 represent an intelligence of the body; they focus energy on sensing through the body. The Enneagram shows the linkages of these 9 types with each other, as well as stress and security linkage paths, creating 45 distinct types. This complexity is easier to understand from the diagram

The origins of the Enneagram's personality typology and paths to happiness are derived from the ancient teachings of Hindu-Buddhist Psychology.In early 20th century, George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (of Greek-Armenian heritage) travelled to India, studied there for many years, and brought this knowledge to Russia and France in the 1920s. In the 1960s, Gurdjieff's followers took his teachings to the Americas. The Enneagram design itself is of India-origin: the "Mandala" (circle) and "Sri Yantra" (triangles and lines) shown as enclosed in a mandala of nine pointed-leaves. Even the name Ennea- is derived from the Indo-European root for nine, the earlier Sanskrit "nava" and later the Greek "ennea." If you have been told that numerals are of Arabic origin, please google the article by "Professor Ian Pearce, St. Andrews University, Indian Math History."

Five-star Book and DVD.
69 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on February 16, 2018
This is a really good introduction to the Enneagram. I've struggled in the past to identify my Enneagram type, and I don't think I would have been able to using the just the initial test at the start of this book. However, after reading the type determination and type description pages, reviewing the very helpful summary of type discriminators, and considering the explanation of the three centers of intelligence in Section 2 (which I wish had been included earlier in the book), I felt very confident that I'm a Type 6.

One of the nice things about this book is that not only does it make it very easy to explore the different types and discover your own type, it also provides tips and practices for all types and for each specific type to encourage personal development.

The one thing I felt frustrated about is that some of the concepts introduced in Section 2, such as the subtypes, are touched on so briefly that I didn't really understand them. I would have liked some examples in that area so I can make better use of that practice.

I generally liked the layout of this book and found it easy to use. I have both the Kindle and paperback versions. Either works just fine, although I think it's a bit easier to flip back and forth in the paperback version.

I highly recommend this as an introduction to the Enneagram, suitable for a wide audience interested in psychology, spirituality, and personal growth.
52 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on March 14, 2024
What I wanted
Reviewed in the United States on April 18, 2015
I've been using the Enneagram as an essential part of my counseling work for over 20 years. When book like this comes out that makes my life easier I'm thrilled to post about it. Firstly, there is such a tendency among Enneagram devotees (deliberate use of the word) to make it sacrosanct and to project so much of their junk onto it. Like, "Oh you shouldn't tell someone what you think their type is" or "it's not that we "Test" we Explore". Whatever! It's a great tool to help us discover ourselves on a deeper level and, YES, when a person is correctly typed it serve them to a much greater degree than if they are "observing" themselves as the "wrong" number --BUT they are at least looking at their behavior that's a big part of it.

So The Essential Ennegram lightens it all up for us. It's a book I can give to a curiosity seeker and 9 out of 10 times they come back to me wanting to learn more. Mr Daniels gives us an invaluable and easy to understand tool that has one of the most accurate tests I've seen (I always advise people to NOT take the test alone. We tend to see ourselves so differently through the mind's window, so invite a friend to help look at the questions with you).
Great work, David! Write more!
33 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on February 24, 2024
If you’ve never read about this topic, it’s life-changing for a ‘4.’
Reviewed in the United States on May 15, 2023
This wasn't what I expected. I thought it would be more in depth. Did get some useful info but not the best.
2 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on June 15, 2023
This is the best intro to the Enneagram that I have ever read and recommend to all my patients/clients as a therapist. I have a library full of books on the Enneagram and none can compare with this book!!!
2 people found this helpful
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Amazon Customer
5.0 out of 5 stars Outstanding value
Reviewed in Canada on April 9, 2022
Loving this book so far.
Used copy in great shape, arrived quickly.
Dr Kasturi R Naik
5.0 out of 5 stars Useful
Reviewed in India on October 9, 2022
Well drafted
Cheerioh
2.0 out of 5 stars bof, indigent, trop court, sans intérêt ou presque
Reviewed in France on April 27, 2021
Je n'ai pas tiré grand chose de ce livre, je n'en vois pas l'intérêt. Tout est survolé et je ne conseille donc pas sur le sujet.
Layra.io
5.0 out of 5 stars Buen contenidio
Reviewed in Mexico on February 3, 2019
Es delegado y pequeño
One person found this helpful
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Mrs. AL Wicke
5.0 out of 5 stars The Best Enneagram book for simple clarity
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on July 5, 2018
I’ve read, and continue to read so many enneagram books. All are helpful. But this one in my opinion, excels them all for direct access to the power of the enneagram, and its personal transforming potentials. Please read this one to keep it simple, but also for direct impact for your life. Its ‘practices’ for each type are succinct and to the core.
4 people found this helpful
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