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Soul Searching: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers Reprint Edition

4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 113 ratings

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In innumerable discussions and activities dedicated to better understanding and helping teenagers, one aspect of teenage life is curiously overlooked. Very few such efforts pay serious attention to the role of religion and spirituality in the lives of American adolescents. But many teenagers are very involved in religion. Surveys reveal that 35% attend religious services weekly and another 15% attend at least monthly. 60% say that religious faith is important in their lives. 40% report that they pray daily. 25% say that they have been "born again." Teenagers feel good about the congregations they belong to. Some say that faith provides them with guidance and resources for knowing how to live well. What is going on in the religious and spiritual lives of American teenagers? What do they actually believe? What religious practices do they engage in? Do they expect to remain loyal to the faith of their parents? Or are they abandoning traditional religious institutions in search of a new, more authentic "spirituality"? This book attempts to answer these and related questions as definitively as possible. It reports the findings of The National Study of Youth and Religion, the largest and most detailed such study ever undertaken. The NYSR conducted a nationwide telephone survey of teens and significant caregivers, as well as nearly 300 in-depth face-to-face interviews with a sample of the population that was surveyed. The results show that religion and spirituality are indeed very significant in the lives of many American teenagers. Among many other discoveries, they find that teenagers are far more influenced by the religious beliefs and practices of their parents and caregivers than commonly thought. They refute the conventional wisdom that teens are "spiritual but not religious." And they confirm that greater religiosity is significantly associated with more positive adolescent life outcomes. This eagerly-awaited volume not only provides an unprecedented understanding of adolescent religion and spirituality but, because teenagers serve as bellwethers for possible future trends, it affords an important and distinctive window through which to observe and assess the current state and future direction of American religion as a whole.
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Editorial Reviews

Review

"This book is, quite simply, the best book ever on the best study ever on the topic of adolescents and religion. It is exemplary social science, combining the best of qualitative and quantitative methods, not only empirically strong but theoretically rich."--Journal of Adolescent Research

"For scholars as well as parents, teachers, relatives, mentors, and other persons interested in the well-being of teens, this is and will likely be the definitive book on teens and religion for years to come."--Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion

"This book is a landmark study of the religious attitudes and practices of American teenagers. While the study demonstrates that there is a strong correlation between religious commitment and positive social behavior, there are also disturbing trends related to this theologically illiterate generation of teens who primarily think of God as their private butler. The authors offer a number of concrete suggestions in a concluding postscript that will be of value to youth workers and religious communities. Drawing on a national survey of teens and their significant caregivers, as well as several hundred in-depth interviews, this book is the most comprehensive study of teenage religiosity that has ever been done."--Donald E. Miller, author of Reinventing American Protestantism: Christianity in the New Millennium

"Soul Searching is a bombshell, and one that is long overdue. It convincingly demonstrates that many of our assumptions about youth and religion in the U.S. are well off the mark. Instead of finding hostility toward religion, we meet young people from every corner of the culture who echo their parents religiosity to an astonishing degree-but this, as it turns out, is hardly a formula for vibrant faith. Soul Searching puts American religious communities on notice: if religion matters, then we had better stop exposing young people to faith and start teaching it to them. Anyone who lives or works with teenagers simply must read this book. You won't be able to sit still after you do."--Kenda Creasy Dean, author of Practicing Passion: Youth and the Quest for a Passionate Church

"This is an extremely important book. In presenting the results from the most ambitious national study ever conducted among American teenagers about their religious and spiritual lives, it sheds new light from start to finish. I highly recommend it."--Robert Wuthnow, author of America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity

"Fills an enormous gap in our knowledge about young people. If there is one book to read outside your discipline this year it is Soul Searching."--Worship

"The most comprehensive and reliable research ever done on youth and religion. For the next 50 years writers on the topic will be referring to their book."--The Christian Century

"Demolishes the conventional wisdom....a must-read"--Andrew Greeley, National Catholic Reporter

"With a mixture of good news and bad news that punctures many stereotypes about adoloscent religious beliefs and behavior, this extensive study deserves attention for what it reveals across the full range of American religious groups."--Peter Steinfels, The New York Times

"Pioneering....a highly informative and provocative book....[that] is also readable, full of illuminating anecdotes and summaries from which the lively, often-touching personalities of teenagers emerge."--Chicago Tribune

"Youth groups, role models, service activities and cultural rituals of religious institutions all seem to help youth lead more healthy, moral and happy lives. This book goes a long way toward explaining the extent of this phenomenon and which religions seem to be accomplishing these benefits most."--New York Post

""Of course, it's not the point whether or not Smith and Denton believe in God. They believe in religion. They believe in teenagers. And for good reason. The data suggests that America would be better off if we all believed as they do."--The Revealer

"No book in recent memory has as much potential to transform the practice of youth ministry...[T]he results overturn nearly every piece of conventional wisdom about teens and faith."--Christianity Today

"Soul Searching represents social science at its very best."--Spiritus

Book Description

Winner of the 2006 Christianity Today Book Award for Christianity and Culture-- A landmark account of the spiritual and religious lives of American teenagers

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press; Reprint edition (April 13, 2009)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 368 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0195384776
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0195384772
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.15 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 1 x 6 x 9.1 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 113 ratings

About the author

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Christian Smith
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Christian Smith is the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Sociology at the University of Notre Dame. He is the author of many books, including What is a Person?: Rethinking Humanity, Social Life, and the Moral Good from the Person Up (Chicago 201); Passing the Plate: Why American Christians Do Not Give Away More Money (OUP 2008); Soul Searching: the Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers (OUP 2005), Winner of the 2005 "Distinguished Book Award" from Christianity Today; and Moral, Believing Animals: Human Personhood and Culture (OUP 2003).

Customer reviews

4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5 out of 5
113 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on February 17, 2009
When I looked this book up, one of the first things I noticed was the publisher: Oxford. When was the last time you Youth Pastors/Religious Educators read a book directly related to Youth Ministry that was published by such a prestigious publishing house? The answer is never. Zondervan and Thomas Nelson put out some pretty good books, but Oxford is a whole different ball game. All that to say, this book is excellent.

First off, it is amazingly thorough. Unlike other books that offer statistical analyses, Smith and Denton never offer big, blind, sweeping statements that make you ask questions like, "Really?" Before making bold statements such as "More or less involvement in religion has a direct correlation with more or less positive life outcomes," the authors go into painstaking detail about how they arrived at this conclusion and what other factors may play into this. Broad, unqualified statements make the reader question reliability. Soul Searching does a better job at avoiding this problem then any book or report I have ever read.

As for content, the NSYR survey results published in Soul Searching are intensely interesting. Admittedly, I'm a bit of a statistical nerd; nonetheless, the stats and analyses offered throughout these chapters often had my mind swirling with excitement. The kind of excitement where you read the book before bed and then cannot get to sleep for the next 2 hours. Some of the more interesting conclusions include:

- Contrary to popular belief, teens are quite religious. Furthermore, their religious outlooks are generally quite traditional and follow a very similar pattern as what has handed to them by their parents.
- The idea that large numbers of teens think of themselves as "spiritual but not Religious" is highly unsupported by the data.
- Although a majority of teens are religious, at the level of subjective consciousness, religion most often operates in the background of their lives.
- The single most important influence on the the religious and spiritual lives of teens is the religious and spiritual lives of their parents.

This is but a small sample of some of the stunning, often counter-intuitive, conclusions that the NSYR data has shown to be true.

One of the best chapters in the book, although it is a departure from the scientific reporting of statistics, is the chapter on "Social Context." In this chapter, Smith analyzes six key components of the current social context of teenagers and offers insight into how these societal influences impact the religious and spiritual lives of teens. His dissection of things like Therapeutic Individualism and Mass-Market Capitalism are outstanding. I have reread the chapter over and over and am still reeling over it.

There are only two things about the book that are a downer.

- It is a book about a statistical survey. As such, the chapters are very long, thick, and can be tedious at times. Although this is to be expected, it is therefore not an easy book to get through. I took my time reading the book over a 2 month period. It would be difficult to read it much quicker than that if you are actually hoping to engage your mind in all of what is said.

- There is one chapter devoted entirely to Catholic teens. As a youth pastor at a Mainline Protestant church, I would have loved for the chapter to be about Protestantism. If you are Catholic or interested in the religious and spiritual lives of Catholic teens, you will love this chapter. Otherwise, you may just briefly skim this chapter like I did.

In all, Soul Searching has become my new measuring stick. Whenever I read another book that has anything to say about the current state of Youth and Religion, I will instantly question their conclusions if they do not comport with the findings of NSYR.

(Side Note - NSYR is planning on releasing 2 more books which will summarize their findings from Wave 2 and Wave 3 of the NSYR survey in 2009. Waves 2 and 3 are surveys of the same teens in Wave 1 at 3 and 6 years later, respectively. Keep your eyes peeled.)
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Reviewed in the United States on September 30, 2010
As a former youth minister and long-time priest and school teacher, I've read many books on youth, youth culture, and youth ministry. While many of these have been more practical in nature than "Soul Searching," this book by Christian Smith (with Melinda Lundquist Denton) provides the most up-to-date and careful research into "the religious and spiritual lives of American teens" (which is the subtitle of the book). This is an excellent work of sociology. If you're serious about what's really going on in the spiritual lives of our teens, then make sure to read this book along with any others you read.

The major themes and findings of the book are worth reading and reflecting on. Here are some of the findings:

1. Religion is still a significant presence in the lives of American teens.

2. The characteristic religiosity of teens in the U.S. is extraordinarily conventional.

3. The single most important social influence on the religious and spiritual lives of adolescents is their parents. (This is supported by innumerable other books, and I wish parents would more fully grasp this truth!) In fact, it's uncanny how much the spiritual lives of teens reflect that of their parents, which suggests that if we want to change the lives of teens we must first change the lives of parents.

4. U.S. teens have a difficult time explaining what they believe.

5. A distinct faith which the authors call "Moralistic Therapeutic Deism" has established a significant foothold in American youth, especially those whose engagement with their religious communities is weak. Moralistic Therapeutic Deism may be summarized by the beliefs that: 1) God created the world and watches over humans. 2) God wants people to be good, nice, and fair. 3) The central goal of life is to be happy and feel good about oneself. 4) God doesn't need to be involved in one's life except when there's a problem 5) Good people go to heaven when they die.

This may sound good to many, but it is not, for example, the teaching of Christ and Christianity. In addition, the majority of American teenagers appear to espouse inclusive, pluralistic, and individualistic beliefs. In the U.S., teens aren't being secularized: rather, the Trinity, holiness, sin, grace, church, heaven and hell are being replaced with the language of happiness, niceness, and an earned heavenly reward. "Christianity is actively being colonized and displaced by a quite different religious faith."

6. There are significant differences between more and less religious teens in the U.S. In other words, while there is a lot of negative news out there, many U.S. teens are still strong in their faith.

Smith and Denton have arrived at these conclusions, and others, through a rigorous process of sociological investigation. The book is a minefield of data and interpretation - more than most readers will want!

For anyone interested in the spiritual lives of teenagers today, I can't recommend this book highly enough.
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