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The Whole Christ: Legalism, Antinomianism, and Gospel Assurance―Why the Marrow Controversy Still Matters Hardcover – January 31, 2016
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Since the days of the early church, Christians have wrestled with the relationship between law and gospel. If, as the apostle Paul says, salvation is by grace and the law cannot save, what relevance does the law have for Christians today?
By revisiting the Marrow Controversy―a famous but largely forgotten eighteenth-century debate related to the proper relationship between God’s grace and our works―Sinclair B. Ferguson sheds light on this central issue and why it still matters today. In doing so, he explains how our understanding of the relationship between law and gospel determines our approach to evangelism, our pursuit of sanctification, and even our understanding of God himself.
Ferguson shows us that the antidote to the poison of legalism on the one hand and antinomianism on the other is one and the same: the life-giving gospel of Jesus Christ, in whom we are simultaneously justified by faith, freed for good works, and assured of salvation.
- Print length256 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherCrossway
- Publication dateJanuary 31, 2016
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.81 x 8.5 inches
- ISBN-101433548003
- ISBN-13978-1433548000
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“The volume in your hands is not just a helpful historical reflection but also a tract for the times. Sinclair does a good job of recounting the Marrow Controversy in an accessible and interesting way. However, his real aim is not merely to do that. Against the background and features of that older dispute, he wants to help us understand the character of this perpetual problem―one that bedevils the church today. He does so in the most illuminating and compelling way I’ve seen in recent evangelical literature.”
―Timothy Keller, Late Founding Pastor, Redeemer Presbyterian Church, New York City; Chairman and Cofounder, Redeemer City to City
“This book has three things I’m very interested in: eighteenth-century Scottish church history, doctrinal clarity on the gospel, and learning from Sinclair Ferguson. As fascinating as this work is as a piece of historical analysis, it is even more important as a careful biblical and theological guide to the always-relevant controversies surrounding legalism, antinomianism, and assurance. I’m thankful Ferguson has put his scholarly mind and pastoral heart to work on such an important topic.”
―Kevin DeYoung, Senior Pastor, Christ Covenant Church, Matthews, North Carolina; Associate Professor of Systematic Theology, Reformed Theological Seminary, Charlotte
“This book could not come at a better time or from a better source. Sinclair Ferguson brings to life a very important controversy from the past to shed light on contemporary debates. But The Whole Christ is more than a deeply informed survey of the Marrow Controversy. It is the highest-quality pastoral wisdom and doctrinal reflection on the most central issue in any age.”
―Michael Horton, J. Gresham Machen Professor of Systematic Theology and Apologetics, Westminster Seminary California
“I know of no one other than Sinclair Ferguson who has the capacity, patience, and skill to unearth an ancient debate, set in a Scottish village with an unpronounceable name, and show its compelling relevance to gospel preaching and Christian living. This may be Sinclair’s best and most important book. Take up and read!”
―Alistair Begg, Senior Pastor, Parkside Church, Chagrin Falls, Ohio
“Sinclair Ferguson scratches through the surface definitions of legalism and antinomianism to reveal the marrow, the whole Christ. When we are offered the whole Christ in the gospel, we do not want to settle for anything that undermines the greatness and power of God’s grace. Both pastors and lay people will benefit from reading this historical, theological, and practical book.”
―Aimee Byrd, author, Theological Fitness and No Little Women
“It is no exaggeration to insist that the issue dealt with in this book is more important than any other that one might suggest. For, as Ferguson makes all too clear, the issue is the very definition of the gospel itself. The errors of antinomianism and legalism lie ready to allure unwary hucksters content with mere slogans and rhetoric. I can think of no one I trust more to explore and examine this vital subject than Sinclair Ferguson. For my part, this is one of the most important and definitive books I have read in over four decades.”
―Derek W. H. Thomas, Chancellor’s Professor of Systematic and Pastoral Theology, Reformed Theological Seminary; Teaching Fellow, Ligonier Ministries
“I marvel at Sinclair Ferguson’s grasp of historical detail, but I praise God more for Sinclair’s love of and zeal for gospel clarity. The grace that saves our souls and enables our obedience is defined, distinguished, and treasured in this discussion about keeping the proclamation of the gospel free from human error.”
―Bryan Chapell, Stated Clerk, Presbyterian Church in America
“In a day when there is so much confusion about sanctification, Sinclair Ferguson cuts through all the noise and provides us with beautiful clarity on this glorious doctrine of the Christian faith. Without hesitation, this will be the first book I recommend to those who want to understand the history and theology of this most precious doctrine.”
―Burk Parsons, Senior Pastor, Saint Andrew’s Chapel, Sanford, Florida; Editor, Tabletalk
“This great book takes up the perennial issue of how grace and works relate to each other in our salvation. Ferguson begins with an old debate that took place in Scotland. He writes with deep knowledge and acute judgment, bringing clarity and insight to this issue and showing us the way out of our contemporary muddle.”
―David F. Wells, Senior Distinguished Research Professor of Theology, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
“Writing with a pastoral heart and scholarly mind, Sinclair Ferguson provides a biblical understanding of grace that sets a solid foundation for life, ministry, and worship. Using the backdrop of the Marrow Controversy, Ferguson exposes the subtle hues of legalism and antinomianism that continue to permeate the church today. I found The Whole Christ personally convicting, theologically challenging, and Christ exalting.”
―Melissa B. Kruger, author; Vice President of Discipleship Programming, The Gospel Coalition
“Ours is a day when we again hear charges of ‘antinomianism’ and ‘legalism’ thrown back and forth, often between folks who share the same confessional background. During such times of tension, more light and less heat is generally needed. I believe Sinclair Ferguson’s The Whole Christ offers us timely perspective, helping us better understand grace, human agency, and gospel assurance. By taking us back to historical debates Ferguson also helps us better understand our own moment, even our own confusions.”
―Kelly M. Kapic, Professor of Theological Studies, Covenant College; author, You’re Only Human
“It’s easy to cry 'legalist' or 'antinomian,' but the realities are far subtler than we admit. Sinclair Ferguson takes an old Scottish controversy and uses it as a spotlight to illuminate our spiritual struggles today. This outstanding book untangles many a knot about God’s law and grace and powerfully reminds us that legalism and antinomianism are not opposites, but evil allies in Satan’s bitter war to dishonor the great name of Jesus Christ.”
―Joel R. Beeke, Chancellor and Professor of Homiletics and Systematic Theology, Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary; Pastor, Heritage Reformed Congregation, Grand Rapids, Michigan
“It’s hard to imagine a more important book written by a more dependable guide. From a seemingly obscure theological controversy, Sinclair Ferguson brings to light issues of fundamental and perennial significance for twenty-first century evangelicals. With deep learning, theological discernment, and pastoral wisdom, he not only exposes distortions of the gospel but also helps us savor the substance of the gospel, which is Christ himself.”
―Jeff T. Purswell, Dean, Sovereign Grace Ministries Pastors College
About the Author
Sinclair B. Ferguson (PhD, University of Aberdeen) is Chancellor’s Professor of Systematic Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary and the former senior minister of the First Presbyterian Church in Columbia, South Carolina. He is the author of several books, including By Grace Alone and Lessons from the Upper Room. Sinclair and his wife, Dorothy, have four grown children.
Timothy J. Keller (1950–2023) was the founding pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York. He was the bestselling author of The Prodigal God and The Reason for God.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
The Whole Christ
Legalism, Antinomianism, and Gospel Assurance — Why the Marrow Controversy Still Matters
By Sinclair B. FergusonGood News Publishers
Copyright © 2016 Sinclair B. FergusonAll rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-4335-4800-0
Contents
Foreword by Tim Keller,Introduction,
1 How a Marrow Grew,
2 Grace in the Gospel,
3 Preparation, Distortion, Poison,
4 Danger! Legalism,
5 The Order of Grace,
6 Suspicious Symptoms,
7 Faces of Antinomianism,
8 Causes and Cures,
9 The Marrow of Assurance,
10 How Assurance of Christ Becomes Assurance of Salvation,
11 "Hindrances Strew All the Way",
Conclusion,
Appendix: Thomas Boston on Faith,
CHAPTER 1
How a Marrow Grew
This story begins some three hundred years ago in a small Scottish town, at a meeting attended by perhaps a few dozen men. It records the progress of a theological conflict that grew out of a single question asked of a young man hoping to become a Presbyterian minister.
The question, however, had a sting in its tail.
Nobody knows who first thought up the question or who formulated its precise wording. Nobody knows who was first to ask the question or how many times it had been asked before. But it was intended to tell the questioner much more than the person who answered it might want to reveal.
Nobody at the meeting could have imagined what would happen as a result of the answer that was given. Nor could any of them have suspected that three hundred years later people would still be discussing it. If you had suggested to them that they were setting in motion the "Marrow Controversy," they would have said (as people still do!), "The what controversy?"
So, where and when and why did all this take place? And what was the question?
Auchterarder
Some forty-five miles or so to the northwest of Edinburgh, the Scottish capital, lies Auchterarder, population less than five thousand. Until a few decades ago the main road from Stirling to Perth ran through the long main street, from which the town was popularly known as "The Lang Toun." The slow one-and-a-half-mile drive regulated by a thirty-mile-an-hour speed limit caused many a frustrated driver to be caught in a speed trap at its far end. Better by far to have taken a break in town and enjoyed a fine coffee accompanied by some excellent home baking!
To the outsider little seems to happen in Auchterarder.
Someone knowledgeable in Scottish family history might just know that much of the land in the area was once owned by John Haldane of Gleneagles, who had sat in the last Scottish Parliament and also, from 1707, in the first British Parliament.
A few Christians might recognize the Haldane name. It was from this family line that the remarkable brothers Robert Haldane (1764–1842) and James Haldane (1768–1851) were descended. Robert would become the more famous in the annals of the church because of a remarkable awakening that took place among theological students in Geneva through a Bible study that he led while visiting the city. The Enlightenment-influenced theological faculty was so hostile to the informal gatherings at which he expounded Paul's letter to the Romans that the professors took it in turns to stand sentry outside the Haldanes' rented apartment. They noted and reported the names of students who attended, later threatening them with being barred from ordination!
Haldane of Gleneagles. Gleneagles? This is the great estate that is now the famous Gleneagles Hotel and golf courses. If today the tranquility of Auchterarder is disturbed, it is likely to be because the hotel is hosting an occasion of international interest. It was here that the July 6–8, 2005, G8 Summit took place, when Auchterarder played host to world leaders and a veritable army of media and security experts. A report to the Scottish executive on the economic impact of this weekend gathering put the price tag at around one hundred million dollars.
September 2014 saw a similar invasion for the playing of the Ryder Cup, the biennial golf match between the United States and Europe, which now captures the third-largest television viewing audience for a sporting event, with spectators present from as many as seventy-five countries. Simply hosting the event had the potential to boost the value of the Scottish tourist industry by an annual figure well in excess of one hundred million dollars.
But three hundred years ago, Auchterarder and its people presented a very different picture. It was then a small mill town where most of its residents squeezed out a subsistence living as weavers, tenant farmers, and, for the women, as domestic servants. An extant set of accounts for the household of a local farm laborer indicates an annual income of $40.00 for the year, with expenditures of around $39.90. The wealth and publicity of a G8 Summit or a Ryder Cup would have been far beyond the wildest dreams of those who passed their days here.
In a rural Scottish village like Auchterarder in the early eighteenth century, nothing was expected to happen that would excite the interest of the wider world or be recorded in the annals of church history.
That is, until the regular meeting of the Auchterarder Presbytery of the Church of Scotland in February 1717.
Presbyterianism
Scottish church life has been dominated by Presbyterianism since the days of John Knox and the Reformation in the sixteenth century. In Presbyterian churches each congregation is led, or "governed," by elders, usually one teaching elder (the minister) and a number of ruling elders, at best men of spiritual integrity and some measure of discernment and pastoral ability. The teaching elder was normally a university-educated, theologically trained man. The ruling elders had no formal theological education. They learned to be elders by years of receiving biblical instruction, by themselves being led by elders, and by a kind of osmosis as in due course they took their place in the company of longer-standing elders in what was known as the "Kirk Session."
In addition to the life of the local congregation, the minister and an elder would regularly gather with representatives of other local congregations at the presbytery to hear reports and discuss matters of common interest and concern.
Beyond this simple structure lay a less frequent gathering of several presbyteries, known as the "Synod," and also the annual national gathering of congregational representatives at the General Assembly. While each congregation was basically self-sufficient, and was led by its own elders, these "courts of the church" provided a sense of unity and a kind of ascending hierarchy of authority in matters of common concern or dispute.
The selection, examination, and ordination of ministers were all the responsibility of the local presbytery. With this in view candidates for the ministry were taken under supervision. Throughout the period of their training they completed prescribed exercises. These culminated in a final oral examination administered in the presence of the whole presbytery — any member of which might ask a question, and all of whom would eventually vote on the candidate. Daunting indeed!
A Narrative of Surprising Presbytery Meetings
Imagine then, that you have traveled back in time. It is Friday, February 12, 1717. The presbytery of Auchterarder is holding its monthly gathering. The agenda has now moved to the case of a young candidate for the ministry. He has already preached, presented the requisite church exercises, and completed his dissertation on a doctrinal point put to him in Latin. The trials can be rigorous. But this particular young candidate has completed all of the stages. Indeed at the previous presbytery meeting he had been licensed as a preacher of the gospel.
But now there is a problem.
Two meetings before this, on December 11, 1716, the presbytery had given the candidate his examination in theology. It had, however, postponed further consideration of him until the next meeting. And so, on January 15, 1717, he came before the presbytery again. He was now asked to sign his name to his answers to the questions the presbytery had put to him.
In the nature of the case in most presbyteries, patterns of questioning become somewhat stereotyped. In addition there are sometimes individuals who will ask their personal "litmus test" question. These are rarely straightforward. At best they challenge the candidate to take biblical teaching with which he is familiar and apply it to a question or situation with which he is unfamiliar. At worst they set theological traps. These need to be carefully negotiated.
The candidate before the presbytery of Auchterarder is William Craig. He has been caught in such a trap.
"The Creed"
As a candidate in the presbytery of Auchterarder, William Craig had been asked to agree to a statement that had become a unique hallmark of its examinations. Were it not for his response, it might well have remained hidden in the dust-gathering volumes of the presbytery's handwritten minutes. The question itself came to be known as the "Auchterarder Creed." He was asked to agree to the following statement:
I believe that it is not sound and orthodox to teach that we forsake sin in order to our coming to Christ, and instating us in covenant with God.
Perhaps Craig was well enough known to the members of the presbytery that they already suspected he would be in some difficulty.
Turn the question over in your own mind. How would you respond? Do you agree that "it is not sound and orthodox to teach that we forsake sin in order to our coming to Christ?" Perhaps you can hear the echo of the words beloved by TV lawyers: "Mr. Craig, just answer the question yes or no."
Craig had some scruples about the precise wording of the test question. Nonetheless, at the January meeting he had been willing to subscribe his name on the presbytery copy of the [Westminster] Confession of Faith, and had been duly licensed.
In the event, however — perhaps you have some sympathy with him? — Craig's conscience was troubled, and he returned to the following presbytery meeting. He explained that he had subscribed his signature in haste and now wished for an opportunity to explain his position.
The presbytery of Auchterarder heard him out, and at its stated meeting on February 12, 1717, proceeded to declare William Craig's license to preach the gospel null and void.
Perhaps the presbytery assumed the matter would rest there. If so they were to be disappointed.
In the months that followed, through a process of appeal against the presbytery decision, the issue of the Auchterarder Creed came before the next meeting of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. The fathers and brethren of the Kirk condemned the creed and declared "their abhorrence of the foresaid proposition as unsound and most detestable doctrine, as it stands, and was offered by the said Presbytery to the said Mr. William Craig." The presbytery of Auchterarder was ordered to restore his license.
That might have been the end of the matter were it not for a private discussion that took place immediately afterward between two ministers who "happened" to fall into conversation when the session concluded.
Who Is My (Assembly) Neighbor?
Present at the 1717 Assembly was the Reverend John Drummond, a minister from the town of Crieff and a member of the presbytery of Auchterarder. Beside him at the critical session sat one of the most remarkable ministers in the entire history of the Church of Scotland.
The Assembly neighbor was at that time forty-one years old. He had written his first book some two decades earlier while still a young probationer minister. Its quaintly worded title, Soliloquie on the Art of Man Fishing, expressed his evangelistic zeal as well as his pastoral heart. He soon hoped to publish what would become his best-known book, Human Nature in Its Fourfold State.
His own congregation lay deep in the border country between Scotland and England in the valley of the River Ettrick, set within what has been described as a "sea of hills." He had been called to this widespread parish in 1711. It had had no minister for four years.
When he had arrived in his new parish, he found the people were far more concerned about this world than the world to come. They were conceited and censorious. A shy man by natural disposition, although a preacher of unusual ability, he suffered the indignity of members of the congregation making noises while he was preaching, walking out, and even wandering around the churchyard outside talking deliberately loudly. Fathers who conducted family prayers when at home could be heard cursing in the streets. While a minister in the congregation he had previously served in Simprin, Sundays had been the best day of the week. But now he wrote: "The approaching Sabbath, that sometimes was my delight, is now a terror to me."7 In addition, another, more exclusive, church fellowship had gathered in the same area, and its members were not slow to criticize the parish minister of such a spiritually indifferent congregation.
By God's grace, now in 1717, things had begun to change wonderfully under his rich ministry of the gospel.
The name of John Drummond's Assembly neighbor was Thomas Boston. But we can let him tell the story of their conversation in his own words:
The "Auchterarder Creed," was all at once at that diet [i.e., of the General Assembly] judged and condemned; though some small struggle was made in defence thereof. And poor I was not able to open a mouth before them in that cause; although I believed the proposition to be truth, howbeit not well worded. ...
And here, namely, in the condemnation of that proposition, was the beginning of the torrent, that for several years after ran, in the public actings of this church, against the doctrine of grace, under the name of Antinomianism. ... Meanwhile, at the same time sitting in the assembly house, and conversing with Mr. John Drummond, minister of Crief, one of the brethren of that presbytery above mentioned, I happened to give him my sense of the gospel offer; Isa. lv. 1, Matt. xi: 28, with the reason thereof; and withal to tell him of The Marrow of Modern Divinity.
Treasure Hidden on a Window Head
In his earlier ministry in Simprin, at that time one of the smallest parish churches in Scotland, Boston had long struggled with issues of the law and the gospel. But around the year 1700, while on a pastoral visit, he spotted on a window head a book entitled The Marrow of Modern Divinity. He took it down, read it, and discovered that it spoke to both his heart and his mind and to a wide variety of pastoral issues in his ministry. He imbibed the insights it stimulated into biblical and pastoral theology. His own preaching and teaching began to reflect what he saw as a new, Christ-centered, gospel-rooted emphasis.
Boston had in fact noticed two books lying on the window head of his parishioner's house. His reaction to the second book, Christ's Blood Flowing Freely to Sinners, was very different. His comments are significant in light of the controversy that would later arise, and particularly the accusation of antinomianism that was leveled against the teaching he espoused:
These [the two books] I reckon, had been brought home from England by the master of the house, a soldier in the time of the civil wars. Finding them to point to the subject I was in particular concern about, I brought them both away. The latter, a book of Saltmarsh's, I relished not; and I think I returned it without reading it quite through. The other, being the first part only of the Marrow, I relished greatly; and purchased it, at length from the owner ... and it is still to be found among my books. I found it to come close to the points that I was in quest of and to shew the consistency of these, which I could not reconcile before; so that I rejoiced in it, as a light which the Lord had seasonably struck up to me in my darkness.
Saltmarsh — that is, John Saltmarsh — was one of the most notable antinomians of the seventeenth century. Boston had so little taste for his teaching that he returned the book — unfinished.
John Drummond immediately acted on this "chance" conversation:
Hereupon he [Drummond], having inquired in the shops for the said book, at length got it; and from him Mr. James Webster getting it, was taken therewith; and afterward, Mr. Drummond himself being hardly allowed time to read it through it came into the hands of Mr. James Hog, minister of Carnock; and in end was reprinted in the year 1718, with a preface by the said Mr. Hog, dated at Carnock, Dec. 3, 1717.
So deeply opposed was the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland to the teaching and influence of the Marrow that it passed an act in 1720 prohibiting ministers from recommending the book either in preaching or writing and from saying anything in its favor. In addition, if they discovered any of their members reading it, they were to warn them of its dangers and urge them neither to use it nor to read it.
In reaction, in 1721 Boston's friends, impressed by the sense of the grace of Christ in his ministry, urged him to write his own explanatory notes on the Marrow. These he duly published in a new edition of the book in 1726. Given the ban that had been placed on the book, he did so under the name of Philalethes Irenaeus.
A book placed on an Index Librorum Prohibitorum of a Presbyterian and Reformed Church? We may well ask, What was so extraordinary about this book?
The Marrow of Modern Divinity
The Marrow had been published in two parts under the initials "E. F.": part 1 in 1645, part 2 in 1648. The author's identity has been disputed, but the consensus view is that he was Edward Fisher, a barber surgeon in London and the author of several other minor works in the Puritan period.
(Continues...)Excerpted from The Whole Christ by Sinclair B. Ferguson. Copyright © 2016 Sinclair B. Ferguson. Excerpted by permission of Good News Publishers.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Product details
- Publisher : Crossway (January 31, 2016)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 256 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1433548003
- ISBN-13 : 978-1433548000
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.81 x 8.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #40,262 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #12 in Christian Preaching (Books)
- #32 in Christian Salvation Theory (Books)
- #62 in Christology (Books)
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About the author
Dr. Sinclair B. Ferguson is a Ligonier Ministries teaching fellow and Chancellor’s Professor of Systematic Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary. He previously served as senior minister of the First Presbyterian Church in Columbia, S.C., and he has written numerous books, including The Whole Christ, In Christ Alone, Devoted to God, Some Pastors and Teachers, In the Year of Our Lord, and Maturity.
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Chapter 1 – How A Marrow Grew – p35 “At the root of the matter lay the nature of the grace of God in the gospel and how it should be preached.”
Chapter 2 – Grace In The Gospel – p42 “it is not sound to say that a man must first quit sin in order to be qualified for the offer of Christ. The offer of the gospel is to be made not to the righteous or even the repentant, but to all. There are no conditions that need to be met in order for the gospel offer to be made. p46 “What was at the heart of their gospel message? Calvin has a beautiful expression that summarizes it: the gospel is Christ “clothed with his gospel. ”This, to use an Augustinian term, is totus Christus, the whole Christ, the person in whom incarnation has been accomplished and in whom atonement, resurrection, ascension, and heavenly reign are now realized.”
Chapter 3 – Preparation, Distortion, Poison – p69 “Thus the lie was an assault on both God’s generosity and his integrity. Neither his character nor his words were to be trusted. This, in fact, is the lie that sinners have believed ever since—the lie of the not-to-be-trusted-because-he-does-not-love-me-false-Father. The gospel is designed to deliver us from this lie.”
Chapter 4 – Danger! Legalism – p82 “It is this—a failure to see the generosity of God and his wise and loving plans for our lives—that lies at the root of legalism and drives it.” p88 “The gospel never overthrows God’s law for the simple reason that both the law and the gospel are expressions of God’s grace. Therefore the reverse is true: grace confirms the law and its true character.”
Chapter 5 – The Order of Grace – p101 “Christ should be presented in all the fullness of his person and work; faith then directly grasps the mercy of God in him, and as it does so the life of repentance is inaugurated as its fruit.”
Chapter 6 – Suspicious Symptoms – p128 “At the end of the day, it means my sense of personal identity and worth has become entwined with performance and its recognition rather than being rooted and grounded in Christ and his de-merited grace. This too is a subtle form of legalism. It emerges from my soul as though God’s grace to others drew it out of me like a powerful magnet. Grace lances the boil of merit.”
Chapter 7 – Faces of Antinomianism – p138 “Jesus was never accused in his lifetime of being a legalist. But the issue of antinomianism did arise.” Although in one sense antinomianism is the “opposite” error from legalism, in another sense it is the “equal” error, for it similarly abstracts God’s law from God’s person and character (which undergoes no change from old to new covenant). It fails to appreciate that the law that condemns us for our sins was given to teach us how not to sin.” p154 “But it is misleading to say that God accepts us the way we are. Rather he accepts us despite the way we are. He receives us only in Christ and for Christ’s sake. Nor does he mean to leave us the way he found us, but to transform us into the likeness of his Son.”
Chapter 8 – Causes and Cures – p156 “for antinomianism and legalism are not so much antithetical to each other as they are both antithetical to grace. This is why Scripture never prescribes one as the antidote for the other. Rather grace, God’s grace in Christ in our union with Christ, is the antidote to both.” p159 “In contrast to Paul, both legalists and antinomians see the law as the problem. But Paul is at pains to point out that sin, not the law is the root issue.” p168 “Commandments are the railroad tracks on which the life empowered by the love of God poured into the heart by the Holy Spirit runs. Love empowers the engine; law guides the direction. They are mutually interdependent. The notion that love can operate apart from law is a figment of the imagination. It is not only bad theology; it is poor psychology. It has to borrow from law to give eyes to love.” p173 “It was not legalism for Jesus to do everything his Father commanded him. Nor is it for us.”
Chapter 9 – The Marrow of Assurance – p182 “The Westminster Divines insisted on the possibility of assurance for all believers but did not assert its universality among Christians.”
Chapter 10 – How Assurance of Christ Becomes Assurance of Salvation – p196 “What he wants to know is not, “How can I be sure that Christ is able to save me?” but, “How can I be sure that I have believed in the Christ who saves?” It is the difference between confidence in Christ’s ability to save and the self-awareness that one has this confidence and is among those whom he saves.” p201” high degrees of Christian assurance are simply not compatible with low levels of obedience… there is a strong link in the New Testament between faithfulness in the Christian walk and the enjoyment of assurance. Obedience strengthens faith and confirms it to us because it is always marked by what Paul calls “the obedience of faith.”
Chapter 11 – Hindrances Strew All The Way – p213 “The New Testament regards the enjoyment of assurance of salvation as normal and healthy Christian experience.” p223 “Here the ministry of baptism and the Lord’s Supper play important roles. Of course we do not get a different or a better Christ in the sacraments than we do in the Word, as Robert Bruce well said. But we may get the same Christ better, with a firmer grasp of his grace through seeing, touching, feeling, and tasting as well as hearing:”
This book took me deeper into my understanding of that issue in a rich and satisfying way. But, its scope went well beyond that question. It gave me better insight into biblical theology, the sacraments, and Christian service as well.
This is one of those "every Christian should read" books that teaches theology and touches the heart simultaneously.
Its one failing is that it reaffirms that doctrine limited atonement with no way of reconciling it with the free offer of the gospel, and telling everyone without reservations that Christ died for them.
Some have complained that it is too erudite, but I did not find this to be the case. Anyone with an adult vocabulary should have not trouble understanding it.
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(Boston by the way is a great hero of mine, notably his wonderful book "The Crook in the Lot' which I have reviewed [...]
Boston's championing of the book led to a deep division within the a church of Scotland, with the "marrow men" led by Boston being attached by their opponents and accused of "antinomianism" which means literally against the law i.e. If we are saved we can do what we like, God will forgive. They in turn suspected their opponents of legalism, that is to say adding something we contribute to grace alone through Christ
Now if you have read this far, there is a big twist coming. Far from being a deeply obscure read, Sinclair Ferguson supported by an excellent introduction from Tim Keller brilliantly uses the Marrow controversy to shed much needed light on an absolutely central question of today — what is the gospel? How are we as Christians saved? It is also not just a question of theology but of how we feel. Our hearts as Keller says are a web of attitudes, practices, character and ways of reading the bible. It's sometimes easy for preachers in the reformed and evangelical tradition to fail to present obedience to God as a delight, as the best thing for us. It's also too say to slip into a fatal error in separating the Trinity by picturing an angry God the father somehow in opposition to his Son. This is an ancient sin. The Devils first question to humanity after all was " are you sure that the father God really loves you when he puts you in this beautiful garden yet forbids you to eat anything from the trees?"
Next, Ferguson shows that the roots of both legalism and antinomianism are the same. They see obedience as something imposed upon us by God whose love is conditions unless we do a lot of work. The legality wearily assumes the burden while the antinomians gives up. So the cure for one is not a bit more of the other. Rather as Ferguson eloquently and movingly explains its Christ, and in particular union with him. When we do this and love the Lord more our obedience becomes a joy. Our relationship to the law explains Sinclair only works if it's our"brother in law" where we only relate to it through our brother, Jesus. Being "married" to the law in legalism or "divorced" from it in antinomianism is a recipe for disaster.
So the books title is central which is the "whole Christ". This was vital for Thomas Boston who majored in union with Christ.-a truth that has been shamefully forgotten until recently in evangelical circles. After all the early Christians in the NT didn't primarily call themselves Christians but said they were in Christ. To use Augustinian language we need "totus Christ", Christ the whole Boston also stresses that Christ is yo be offered to everyone without exception and crucially without qualification. Why? Because the gospel is Jesus. There are no conditions to be met. Just come as you are. This emphasis was so needed in c18th Scotland - and we might think now - because insidiously the sheer graciousness of Christ was being stifled by conditional love and conditioned grace. The best way to look a this is a syllogism that Boston and his "marrow men " fiercely opposed
The saving grace of God in Christ is given to the elect
The elect forsake sin
Therefore forsaking sin is a prerequisite for saving grace
But as Ferguson points out with great force this is putting the cart of repentance before the horse of Christ. Repentance is the fruit of faith not the qualification for grace. Another way of putting this is that the benefits of the gospel such as justification, adoption etc were being separated from the Christ, who is the true Centre of the Christians life.
The book concludes with helpful application about our assurance and God allowing us to suffer. " you have made known to me the paths of life, in your presence there are fullness of joy, at your right hand are pleasures for ever more." Gods glory and our joy must be united. As God has loved us from before the beginning of the unvisited, he always wants what's best for us "father knows best". Even and indeed especially when we don't understand what's happening that's when our trust is needed. How do we get that assurance? From our faith in a person Christ. Once we have that faith and through that we receive assurance of Gods deep unconditional love for us, the. Christ himself looms larger and larger.
Now why do I think this book is so important? Because in our conservative evangelical world view it can be easy to unconsciously lose sight of what Boston rediscovered. This is particularly but not only true of the danger of legalism. Not to say that antinomianism can’t also creep in and in fact in general in the church as a whole this is the greater danger. But, personally I think that legalism, especially in the pulpit is the bigger danger for evangelicalism. Each preacher must examine their own hearts and see where they may fall, but fortunately the cure is the same - the whole Christ.
This is particularly true of those of us (like me!) who find theology fascinating. We can become so wrapped up with if you like the superstructure, the diagram, that we lose sight of the person it's all about. There can be a decreasing emphasis as Ferguson points out on Christ himself in the books published on preaching. Is the dominant note in preaching we either give or hear focused on how to overcome sin or how to live the Christian life or even on the benefits of Christ. None of these things are wrong but if they like a drawing of a person detract from the person themselves then there is an incipient danger of legalism. Rather, our preaching surely as Ferguson skilfully argues must be on Christ himself, to know him, to live him, to obey him and above all to be united it's him now and for eternity.